IUPAC Divisions are currently reviewing all entries and updates of the content will follow. This version, launched July 2019, is the result of an update to the technical underpinnings of the Gold Book website to reflect advances in web technology. However, the term’s definition may have since been superseded or may not reflect current chemical understanding. Each term is correct based upon the source cited in its entry. ![]() Note that in the current version, the compendium of terms in not up-to-date and the latest IUPAC Recommendations and Colour Books have yet to be incorporated. On these pages you will find a new browsable the alphabetical index, several thematic indexes, and a search function. Typical solvents and solutes include water, sea water, heavy water, inorganic compounds, and a variety of organic compounds such as hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, esters and nitrogen compounds.Īn interactive version of IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, informally known as the “Gold Book”. Mutual solubilities and liquid-liquid equilibria of binary, ternary and quaternary systems are presented. Violet is almost double the frequency of red light, so it actually sounds close to a musical octave." And while simpler spectra like hydrogen and helium, which only have a few lines in their spectra, sound like "vaguely musical" chords, elements with more complex spectra consisting of thousands of lines are dense and noisy, often sounding like "a cheesy horror movie effect," according to Smith.The database covers solubilities originally published in the IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. "If we move from red all the way up to violet, the frequency of the light keeps getting higher, and so does the frequency of the sound. "Red light has the lowest frequency in the visible range, so it sounds like a lower musical pitch than violet," said Smith, demonstrating on a toy color-coded xylophone. He professed amazement at the sheer variety of sounds. Smith translated those different frequencies of light into different pitches or musical notes using an instrument called the Light Soundinator 3000, scaling down those frequencies to be within the range of human hearing. When the outer shell is full of electrons, the element is a noble gas. As you move across the periodic table, it indicates gradual filling of electron shells. For instance, alkali metals, transition metals, nonmetals, or noble gases D. All the elements release distinct wavelengths of light, depending on their electron energy levels, when stimulated by electricity or heat, and those chemical "fingerprints" make up the visible spectra at the heart of chemical spectroscopy. Often the periodic table is color-coded to indicate similar types of elements. So Smith is in good company with his interactive periodic table project. The team also developed a free Android app called the Amino Acid Synthesizer so users could create their own protein "compositions" from the sounds of amino acids. Several years later, Buehler's lab came up with an even more advanced system of making music out of a protein structure by computing the unique fingerprints of all the different secondary structures of proteins to make them audible via transposition-and then converting it back to create novel proteins never before seen in nature. The ultimate aim is to learn to create similar synthetic spiderwebs and other structures that mimic the spider's process. The lab even devised a way for humans to "enter" a 3D spider web and explore its structure both visually and aurally via a virtual reality setup. The hierarchical elements of music composition (pitch, range, dynamics, tempo) are analogous to the hierarchical elements of protein structure. Markus Buehler's MIT lab famously mapped the molecular structure of proteins in spider silk threads onto musical theory to produce the "sound" of silk in hopes of establishing a radical new way to create designer proteins. I thought it would be really cool to turn those visible spectra, those beautiful images, into sound." "Eventually, I stumbled across the visible spectra of the elements and I was overwhelmed by how beautiful and different they all look. ![]() Smith even featured audio clips of some of the elements, along with "compositions" featuring larger molecules, during a performance of his "The Sound of Molecules" show.Īs an undergraduate, "I a dual degree in music composition and chemistry, so I was always looking for a way to turn my chemistry research into music," Smith said during a media briefing. Smith presented his data sonification project-which essentially transforms the visible spectra of the elements of the periodic table into sound-at a meeting of the American Chemical Society being held this week in Indianapolis, Indiana. Walker Smith, now a graduate student at Indiana University, combined his twin passions of chemistry and music to create what he calls a new audio-visual instrument to communicate the concepts of chemical spectroscopy. We're all familiar with the elements of the periodic table, but have you ever wondered what hydrogen or zinc, for example, might sound like? W. Walker Smith and Alain Barker reader comments 39
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